Programa de campanha – PSE (III)

Hoje analiso o programa eleitoral do segundo maior grupo parlamentar europeu, o Partido Socialista Europeu (P.S.E. ou em Inglês P.E.S.). Este é o grupo que engloba os partidos vindas da ideologia Social-democrata e que tem como membro (“Full member parties”) o PS português, PSOE espanhol, o PS francês e italiano, o SPD alemão e o Partido Trabalhista inglês entre outros.

Gostava de referir que todas as transcrições do programa eleitoral estão em Inglês como no documento original visto não estar disponível a versão portuguesa.

Como seria de esperar, é um programa que foca mais a sua atenção nas pessoas em detrimento das empresas. Sendo que os temas principais são o Emprego, o Modelo Social Europeu, o Ambiente e energia, a Imigração e o Papel da União Europeia no mundo. Os Socialistas europeus têm uma visão mais coesa da União Europeia e também mais “internacionalista”. Pelas medidas são europeísta convictos e, embora não apareça em nenhum ponto do programa julgo que preconizam uma União Federalista a longo prazo. Como seria de esperar apostam muito na regulamentação. A minha maior critica vai para o facto de me parecer impossível de implementar todas as medidas em tão pouco espaço de tempo (deixo aqui apenas algumas sendo que para terem conhecimento de todas sugiro que leiam o programa pois é bastante interessante), mas julgo que muitas delas servem para indicar o caminho que o P.S.E. defende para a União Europeia tratando-se assim de objectivos de longo prazo.

Assim, o programa divide-se por seis temas:

01. “Relaunching the economy and preventing new financial crises”

Nesta componente defende-se as medidas económicas de relançamento da Economia Europeia. Aqui defende-se a reforma do sistema financeiro (apresentando como medidas: “Regulation should cover all financial players.”; “rigorous capital requirements for all fi nancial players”; “limits on excessive borrowing”; “Limits are also needed on top executive pay and bonuses”; “end to tax havens, tax avoidance scams and tax evasion”; “to make the power of financial institutions subject to democratic scrutiny”), crescimento “verde” e emprego (por exemplo: “Transforming transport in Europe into the most effi cient, affordable and ‘clean’ for people and businesses”; “building a more competitive and affordable high-speed rail network between major European cities and regions”; “creating an integrated airspace to shorten fl ying times”; “initiative to expand energy and broadband infrastructure”; “ensuring that energy companies’ pricing and customer policies are fair and responsible”; “raising investment in research, development and innovation”; “propose a European Pact for the Future of Employment. All European”; “propose to fund a Skills Programme through the current EU budget”; “EU’s Internal Market should be completed – and the red tape facing businesses reduced”; “The capital base and credit volumes of the European Investment Bank and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development should be increased and the granting of credits simplified for SMEs.”) e a beneficiação dos trabalhadores e negócios da transformação económica (“support businesses to anticipate changes caused by climate change and technological shifts”; “support job creation by ensuring that businesses have access to credit to invest and grow, for example through the European Investment Bank”)

02. “New Social Europe – giving people a fairer deal”

Nesta componente defende-se medidas de apoio ou reforço do Modelo Social Europeu, nomeadamente através de uma protecção de um “negócio justo” para as pessoas (“propose to seek agreement on a European Social Progress Pact, proposing goals and standards for national social, health and education policy”; “propose to include a social progress clause in every piece of European legislation”; “establish a European framework for public services, guaranteeing universal and equal access for citizens, quality, local autonomy and transparency in public services”; “a European pact on wages, guaranteeing equal pay for equal work and setting out the need for decent minimum wages in all EU Member States”; “promote fair tax policies, which will guarantee the financing of Europe’s welfare states”; “act to prevent the exploitation of workers and strengthen their rights to collective bargaining”; “strengthen workers’ rights to information and consultation”; “to establish a European Charter for Internships, to give young people seeking work experience better rights”; “setting EU targets for providing care for the elderly, modelled on those already in place for child care”) e de uma protecção dos direitos dos cidadãos (“strengthen transparency by obliging all lobbyists and lobby agencies to register themselves, their clients, and their activities”; “strengthen anti-discrimination legislation”; “recognition in all EU countries of marriages, partnerships and parental rights legally recognised in one of the Member States”; “giving regions and local authorities a greater role in European affairs”)

03. “Transforming Europe into the leading global force against climate change”

Neste campo os Socialistas europeus apresentam as medidas relacionadas com as questões ambientais. Eles preconizam uma liderança europeia nas negociações internacionais (“take the lead in international negotiations to get agreement on a 30% global target for emission reductions by 2020 at the United Nations summit at the end of 2009”; “increase EU support for developing countries to fight as well as adapt to climate change”; “EU should take the lead in establishing a global energy and development forum”) e uma politica ambiental e energética mais ambiciosa (“introduce a comprehensive EU climate directive that would ensure that targets and actions in all those sectors not already covered by existing law”; “develop a European Common Energy Policy based on sustainability, energy security and independence, diversity of energy sources and solidarity between Member States in the event of energy crises”; “support a modern Common Agricultural Policy that promotes comprehensive rural development”; “the monitoring of existing and new nuclear power plants should be coordinated at the European level.”)

04. “Championing gender equality in Europe”

Neste ponto defendem medidas como: “to create a European Women’s Rights Charter”; “to introduce improved parental leave rights for men and women”; “campaign for equal political representation of women and men in all decision-making bodies at European level”; “support parents so that they can balance their caring responsibilities with their professional responsibilities”; “encourage and support women entrepreneurs, scientists and researchers”; “ensure and promote women’s sexual and reproductive health rights throughout the EU”; “encourage and support the EU and its Member States in their efforts to stop domestic and gender-specifi c violence, including that perpetrated against women of ethnic minorities, through all appropriate EU programmes and funds”.

05. “Developing an effective European migration policy”

Nesta secção estão as medidas propostas pelo PSE quanto à temática da imigração. Medidas estas que passam por “establish common standards for legal migration into the European Union”; “establish a European Charter for the Integration of Migrants”; “establish a European Charter for the Integration of Migrants”; “common External Border Control Policy”; “to strengthening cooperation with third countries (including on readmission procedures) in order to manage migration more effectively while promoting the economic and social development of those countries”; “further development of the Common European Asylum System”.

06. “Enhancing Europe’s role as a partner for peace, security and development”

O PSE propõe atingir este objectivo através de promoção da paz e segurança (“the EU should increasingly work on conflict prevention, resolution and post-crisis management abroad”; “to strengthen police, judicial and security cooperation”; “to ensure that the EU establishes coherent disaster prevention tools”; “step up European efforts to support international disarmament”; “EU actively promotes an Alliance of Civilisations through the United Nations”; “to increase defence cooperation amongst European Member States”; “reform of the United Nations”), da promoção de parcerias (“We welcome membership talks with Croatia and support the start of EU membership negotiations with all other Western Balkans”; “We support an open-ended process of negotiations with Turkey towards EU accession,”; “propose the creation of a Black Sea Union and an Eastern Partnership”; “support the strengthening of Euro-Mediterranean relations. The Union for the Mediterranean is the key instrument and framework”; “propose that the EU develops its relations with the Latin American continent”; “continue to build a strong transatlantic partnership”; “EU must deepen its relations with China”; “strongly support closer ties with India”; “work to fully implement and consolidate the Africa-EU Strategy to strengthen relations”) e politicas de erradicação de pobreza (“We will use this Parliamentary term to push for efforts to reach the goals [Millenium Goals] by 2015.”; “attributing at least 0.7% of Gross National Income to development policy”; “EU must support the multilateral trading system, to the benefit of developing countries in the WTO Doha Development Round”; “work to ensure that all EU trade agreements include appropriate, enforceable human, environmental and social rights clauses”; “work to promote the expansion of fair trade goods across Europe”; “Decent work must become a global objective to which all countries as well as international institutions and organisations are committed”)

Ficou assim um resumo das medidas contidas no Programa do P.S.E.. Tal como fiz para o PSD, irei no próximo artigo explorar o programa eleitoral do PS e verificar que pontos coincidem e quais os que não coincidem.